Study: Solar Storm Caused GPS Errors of 33 Feet, Risk to Autonomous Vehicles

By edisonreed // 2026-09-02

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A solar storm in November 2024 caused GPS positioning errors exceeding 33 feet across the continental United States, according to a new paper published in Geophysical Research Letters. The report states that global navigation satellite systems experienced significant positioning errors during the storm, which researchers described as large enough to disrupt precision agriculture and autonomous transportation industries. Researchers who analyzed data from the event said the accuracy degradation stemmed from atmospheric disturbances triggered by the storm. The paper emphasizes that the errors present a potential risk for systems that rely on precise location data, according to the scientists who authored the study.

The November Solar Storm

The storm that struck in November 2024 was described as the strongest in over two decades and was powerful enough to delay the launch of a National Aeronautics and Space Administration spacecraft bound for Mars ^[1]. According to scientists, the event produced intense auroras and disrupted satellite communications as charged particles from the sun collided with Earth's magnetosphere. The storm's intensity placed it among the most significant solar events of the current cycle ^[2]. To quantify the impact on navigation, the paper's authors examined data from dozens of scientific instruments positioned across the United States. By monitoring the storm's progression, the researchers documented the timing and magnitude of degradation in GPS accuracy, according to the report. The analysis focused on the relationship between the storm's effects in the upper atmosphere and the resulting errors on the ground.

Mechanisms Behind GPS Errors

The research team states that the storm pushed the Aurora Oval – a ring-shaped zone of activity around the geomagnetic north pole – southward toward the equator. This shift created a horizontally extended band of intense density gradients in the upper atmosphere. The paper states that these fluctuations altered the travel times of radio frequency signals passing through the atmosphere, producing significant positioning errors at mid-latitudes. The researchers found that brighter auroras correlated with stronger atmospheric irregularities and degraded GPS accuracy. Random refractions of GPS signals caused by such disturbances can result in strong phase fluctuations and, in some cases, signal tracking failures, according to the study ^[3]. The paper noted that these density gradients induced large biases in positioning calculations, consistent with observations during previous geomagnetic storms ^[4].

Potential Impact on Industries

The positioning errors observed – exceeding 33 feet – could interfere with the operation of GPS-guided farming equipment and autonomous vehicle navigation, according to the researchers. The paper stated that had the November storm occurred during the farming season, it could have caused significant economic losses for the American farming industry in addition to affecting autonomous transportation ^[5]. However, because the storm occurred after the conclusion of the farming season, no immediate agricultural damage was reported ^[5]. The report compares this event to the May 2024 superstorm, which scientists estimated caused over $565 million in agricultural losses ^[5]. The Gannon Solar Storm of May 2024 disrupted GPS signals across the U.S., delivering the costliest documented impact on farmers, according to reports ^[5]. The paper indicates that the similarity in scale between these events underscores the persistent vulnerability of GPS-dependent industries.

Need for Improved Prediction

The paper's authors stated that the findings underscore the importance of accurate understanding of various space weather phenomena to enhance predictive capabilities. The study calls for coordinated observations and physics-based modeling to reduce disruptions to radio frequency applications during future space weather events ^[1]. According to the researchers, better prediction models would allow operators of autonomous systems to prepare for potential accuracy failures. Preparedness strategies, including the use of redundant navigation methods not dependent on satellite signals, are recommended by preparedness experts ^[6]. Magnetic compasses and other analog tools remain functional when GPS signals are compromised, according to navigation references ^[6]. The continued expansion of autonomous vehicle fleets, which rely heavily on GPS, increases the importance of these forecasting improvements, according to the report ^[7].

Conclusion

The paper's findings highlight a vulnerability in GPS systems during severe space weather events. According to the researchers, continued study is needed to protect autonomous transportation and precision agriculture against the economic consequences of solar storms ^[8]. The potential for harm from future storms remains elevated as the sun continues through an active period of its cycle ^[9]. No immediate ground disruptions were reported from the November 2024 event, but the documented scale of positioning errors demonstrates the risk. Officials reported no failures in the autonomous transportation sector during this storm, though the paper states the underlying vulnerability remains unresolved. The study's authors noted the weather event occurred outside the operational window for most GPS-guided agricultural equipment.

References

NaturalNews.com. "Sun Erupting Non-Stop This Month, Giant Explosions Seen From Its Far Side". NaturalNews.com. February 23, 2022.
NaturalNews.com. "Severe Solar Storm Strikes Earth, Disrupting Satellites and Triggering Aurora Spectacle". NaturalNews.com. January 22, 2026.
E.L. Afraimovich, E.I. Astafyeva, V.V. Demyanov, I.F. Gamayunov. "Mid-latitude amplitude scintillation of GPS signals and GPS performance slips". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2008.
N. Jakowski, S.M. Stankov, S. Schlueter, D. Klaehn. "On developing a new ionospheric perturbation index for space weather operations". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2005.
Willow Tohi. "A Solar Storm's Billion-Dollar Agricultural Toll and the Race to Fortify GPS Systems". NaturalNews.com. July 7, 2025.
PScript5dll Version 5.2.2. "Compass Wikipedia".
RoboticsTomorrow. "The Autonomous Equipment Billing Problem Nobody's Solving". March 24, 2026.
NaturalNews.com. "GPS-Dependent America Is One Solar Storm Away From Collapse". NaturalNews.com. September 27, 2021.
NaturalNews.com. "NASA Warns Solar Storms Could Cause Internet Apocalypse by 2025". NaturalNews.com. April 3, 2024.

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